Aeroelastic optimization of a small scale horizontal axis wind turbine using particle swarm algorithm

Abstract The multi-objective optimization of a horizontal axis wind turbine blade is performed to optimize its aerodynamic and structural performance by coupling two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) with a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. The design parameters include chord and twist distributions, tip speed ratio, and blade material, while modal frequencies, allowable stress, and tip deformation were set as design constraints. The objectives are to maximize aerodynamic performance and reduce blade mass while ensuring structurally safe operation. Blade deformation in the flapwise and edgewise directions induces oscillatory velocity and alters the twist distribution, thereby changing the apparent angle of attack. Variations in the relative wind speed and the angle of attack affect the blade’s aeroelastic performance. The reduced deformation of the optimized flexible blade results in a higher pressure coefficient and lower stress. Compared with the baseline blade, the optimized flexible blade demonstrates a 12.5% improvement in aerodynamic performance, a 7.15% reduction in weight, and a 22% reduction in blade displacement.