Language Choice, Linguistics Hierarchy and Identity Construction in Itapa Ekiti

This study examines the relationship among language choice, linguistic hierarchy, and identity construction in Itapa-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. It focuses on how speakers use the Itapa-Ekiti dialect, Standard Yoruba, and English across different social contexts and how the perceived social value of these varieties influences language choice and identity expression. The study adopts Bourdieu’s Theory of Linguistic Capital, particularly the concepts of linguistic market, symbolic value, and legitimate language, to explain the unequal social value attached to different language varieties. A descriptive survey design was employed, using a structured questionnaire administered to 60 purposively selected respondents in Itapa-Ekiti. Data were analysed using frequencies and percentages and presented in tables and charts. The findings show that the Itapa-Ekiti dialect remains important in informal interaction and serves as a significant marker of cultural identity and belonging. However, Standard Yoruba and English are perceived as having greater social value in formal and prestigious contexts. The findings further indicate that respondents experience or recognise forms of language-based social evaluation, including mockery, correction, avoidance of local speech, and differential treatment based on language use. Consequently, speakers adjust their language choices according to social context and the perceived value associated with particular varieties. The study concludes that language choice in Itapa-Ekiti is shaped not only by communicative considerations but also by linguistic hierarchy and social value, making language an important resource through which speakers negotiate and express their identities.