Multi-scale characterization of date palm fiber-reinforced concrete: From microstructural integrity to structural block performance

The influence of date palm fibers on the acoustic and durability properties of eco-friendly materials is a significant area of research, particularly in the context of sustainable construction practices. Date palm fibers, derived from the abundant date palm tree, have been recognized for their potential to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties of various building materials. This research attempts to investigate both the acoustic and durability properties of date palm concrete. Samples containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% date palm fiber were prepared, where these percentages represent the weight ratio of the fibers relative to the total solid materials (cement, sand, and fibers). This study examined the impact of date palm fibers on sound wave absorption, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity of the samples. The experiments involved subjecting the samples to several environments: sodium hydroxide solution, sodium chloride solution, wetting-drying cycles, and elevated temperatures. The findings indicated that mortar boosted with date palm fibers provides better acoustic absorbency, hence improving acoustic insulation. Furthermore, the date palm concrete composites exhibited superior resilience to wetting-drying cycles and elevated temperatures, resulting in enhanced durability against degradation. A notable improvement in flexural strength was seen after exposure to alkali conditions. Date palm fibers may effectively substitute conventional aggregates in cement mortar, resulting in an eco-friendly material that exhibits no long-term detrimental impacts and demonstrates appropriate durability development qualities. Finally, to validate the practical application, the optimal 15% fiber composite was used to develop a full-scale hollow masonry block (HDPCB). The determination of its equivalent thermal properties confirms that this bio-based component provides superior insulation compared to standard materials.