Periodic Table of Atomic Nuclear Structures according to the BSM-SG Theory
The purpose of this article is to present the structural geometry and spatial arrangement of protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei according to the BSM-SG theory. It further shows how these proposed nuclear structures are systematically represented in the Periodic Table of Atomic Nuclear Structures (PT-ANS) and summarizes selected BSM-SG interpretations of atomic and nuclear properties, including shells and subshells, valence trends, isotope stability, nuclear spin, magnetic properties, and the structural distinction of the lanthanide and actinide regions. Five figures provide the principal visual basis of the article. Figure 1 shows the derived geometrical shapes of the neutron, proton, deuterium, and helium, as well as the two states of molecular hydrogen. Figure 2 introduces the notation and structural symbols used in the Atlas and the Periodic Table. Figure 3 presents the Periodic Table of Atomic Nuclear Structures (PT-ANS). Figure 4 illustrates the increase and decrease of the primary valence in two rows of the Periodic Table. Figure 5 shows projection views of selected atomic nuclear structures, illustrating how the compact PT-ANS symbols correspond to three-dimensional nuclear models. Historical Atlas material reproduced in this article was created and copyrighted in 2001 and deposited in the National Library of Canada in 2002. The original historical graphical files are also provided separately for archival preservation. A later version of the PT-ANS (2023) contains minor refinements in the representation of some SG-attached nucleons while preserving the overall structural pattern of the original 2002 PT-ANS. Version 2.0: Added an illustrative figure showing the derived geometrical shapes of the proton and neutron and their representative positions in atomic nuclei, accompanied by minor explanatory text changes. An interactive version of the Periodic Table of Atomic Nuclear Structures (PT-ANS), with clickable access to individual models, is available at:https://helical-structures.org/Heliconstruct/table.html
Authors
- Stoyan Sarg Sargoytchev
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-09-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22815409
- Primary Topic
- History and advancements in chemistry
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00