Types of social and material assistance to the population after the deoccupation of Transcarpathia in 1944 (regulatory and legal support)

The article analyzes the social policy in Transcarpathia in 1944-1945, in particular, the activities of the People’s Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine aimed at providing priority material assistance to the population of Transcarpathia in the period 1944-1945. It was found that in the conditions of the impossibility of quickly forming a legal framework for regulating social and legal principles, the People’s Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine carried out a number of one-time, temporary measures aimed at supporting the vital needs of the region’s population. It was determined that the main types of such assistance were: cash payments of state benefits to the families of Red Army and Czechoslovak Army servicemen, as well as to the disabled of the Patriotic War, to the families of those killed in the fight against the German-Hungarian occupiers, as well as to the families of persons who were killed, died or went missing; tax benefits for Red Army volunteers and partisans, as well as their families; measures to provide housing for residents of Transcarpathia who had lost their homes. This assistance was provided by allocating confiscated housing formerly owned by enemies of the people to citizens, as well as by supplying building materials for the restoration of damaged homes; free supply of certain types of food to the population through the introduction of a card system, as well as the creation of conditions to ensure the possibility of access of the population to purchase the necessary goods through the restoration of shops and market institutions in the region. Such activities of state authorities stemmed from the political coloring of Transcarpathian Ukraine and its direction to the USSR, and therefore certain segments of the population were not included in the categories that received state support. However, a significant portion of the region’s residents were able to receive financial assistance, which greatly alleviated their financial situation, enabled the population to survive the initial period of postwar devastation, and demonstrated a certain social orientation in Transcarpathian Ukraine.