How Bots Threaten Democracy by Misrepresenting Actors and Ideas: The Case of the 2022 Swedish Election
{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Online":[1],"democratic":[2,87,133,161,188],"discourse":[3],"faces":[4],"threats":[5],"from":[6],"diverse":[7],"forms":[8],"of":[9,38,48,72,104,138,160,193],"information":[10],"manipulation,":[11],"including":[12],"disinformation":[13],"campaigns":[14],"and":[15,26,35,46,92,112,119,152,168],"foreign":[16],"influence":[17],"operations.":[18],"Among":[19],"these,":[20],"political":[21,49,110,117],"bots":[22],"represent":[23],"a":[24,125],"covert":[25],"scalable":[27],"threat,":[28],"infiltrating":[29],"online":[30,173],"debates,":[31],"amplifying":[32],"select":[33],"viewpoints,":[34],"distorting":[36],"perceptions":[37],"public":[39,174],"opinion.":[40],"This":[41],"article":[42,90,177],"investigates":[43],"the":[44,59,89,101,143,171,191,198],"scale":[45],"nature":[47],"bot":[50,130],"activity":[51,85],"on":[52],"Twitter":[53],"(now":[54],"X)":[55],"leading":[56],"up":[57],"to":[58],"2022":[60],"Swedish":[61,172],"general":[62],"election":[63],"(August":[64],"1–September":[65],"11),":[66],"estimating":[67],"that":[68],"over":[69],"one‐fifth":[70],"(22%)":[71],"election‐related":[73],"content":[74],"was":[75],"generated":[76],"by":[77,185],"likely":[78],"automated":[79],"accounts.":[80],"To":[81],"assess":[82],"how":[83,129,179],"such":[84],"impacts":[86],"deliberation,":[88],"develops":[91],"applies":[93],"“misrepresentation”":[94,122],"as":[95,114,116],"an":[96],"analytical":[97],"framework":[98,123],"for":[99,127],"identifying":[100],"artificial":[102],"manipulation":[103,195],"perceived":[105],"support":[106],"or":[107],"opposition":[108],"toward":[109],"parties":[111],"candidates,":[113],"well":[115],"viewpoints":[118],"interests.":[120],"The":[121,176],"offers":[124],"methodology":[126],"assessing":[128],"tactics":[131,196],"undermine":[132],"deliberation.":[134],"Accounts":[135],"showing":[136],"signs":[137],"bot‐like":[139],"behavior":[140],"disproportionately":[141],"targeted":[142],"Social":[144],"Democratic‐led":[145],"“red‐green\\"":[146],"coalition":[147],"with":[148],"coordinated":[149],"negative":[150],"messaging":[151],"amplified":[153],"anti‑immigration":[154],"viewpoints.":[155],"These":[156],"dynamics":[157],"disrupted":[158],"principles":[159],"deliberation—":[162],"proportionality":[163],",":[164,167],"transparency,":[165],"plurality":[166],"empowerment":[169],"—within":[170],"sphere.":[175],"demonstrates":[178],"inauthentic":[180],"participation":[181],"challenges":[182],"high‐trust":[183],"societies":[184],"jeopardizing":[186],"their":[187],"foundation,":[189],"advancing":[190],"understanding":[192],"digital":[194],"in":[197],"Nordic":[199],"context.":[200]}
Authors
- Linus Wahlberg
Institutions
- Swedish Defence University (SE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Scandinavian Political Studies
- Published
- 2026-09-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.70060
- Primary Topic
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00