Network modeling predicts how DYRK1A inhibition promotes cardiomyocyte cycling after ischemic/reperfusion injury

The adult mammalian heart has a limited ability to regenerate lost myocardium following myocardial infarction (MI), largely due to the poor proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes (CMs). Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a known regulator of cell quiescence, though the mechanisms underlying its function remain unclear. Previous studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of DYRK1A using harmine induces CM cell cycle re-entry after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) MI. Here, we developed a computational network model of DYRK1A-mediated regulation of the cell cycle, which predicts how DYRK1A inhibition promotes CM re-entry. To validate these predictions, we tested selective DYRK1A inhibitors and observed robust induction of cell cycle activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Integrating our network model with bulk RNA-sequencing data from DYRK1A inhibitor-treated NRCMs, we identified E2F1 as a key transcriptional driver of cell cycle gene expression. Finally, we demonstrate that both pharmacological and post-developmental inhibition of DYRK1A enhances heart function and increases CM cycling following I/R MI. Our findings suggest that functional recovery induced by small molecule inhibitor of DYRK1A is mediated by the induction of cycling CMs.