Adaptive reaching law sliding mode control with adaptive estimator for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

In many applications where fuel cells are used, the output of this device may experience ripple or a reduction in voltage level. This paper addresses cost challenges by presenting a sensorless hybrid control method for a DC-DC boost converter that enhances fuel cell output voltage and eliminates ripples. The method integrates an adaptive estimator based on Lyapunov theory and an adaptive reaching law (ARL)-based sliding controller to reduce chattering and improve convergence speed. The proposed adaptive ranging sliding mode control (ARLSMC) considers system parameters for robust performance, ensuring fast voltage regulation under fuel cell or load variations. Finally, in order to examine the performance of the proposed method, a series of practical tests have been conducted, and the results have shown that the proposed method has shown very good performance in response to changes in fuel cell voltage or load current, ensuring an unchanged voltage at the converter output.