Endogenously Triboenhanced Heterogeneous Piezoelectric Nanofiber Membranes for Self-Powered Electroluminescent Pressure Sensing

Abstract The innovation of sensing systems is increasingly evolving toward direct visualization, which demands real-time and high electromechanical output to drive reliable optical readout, yet most multimodal sensing systems rely on simple signal superposition. Here, an endogenous tribo-enhanced piezoelectric pressure sensing with visualization capability was developed by coupling a PAN/PVDF-HFP heterogeneous nanofiber membrane with a ZnS:Cu/PZT/Ecoflex electroluminescent layer. The nanofiber membrane features a skeleton-filling architecture in which PAN-rich and PVDF-HFP-rich domains create abundant heterogeneous interfaces for endogenous triboelectric charge generation. Incorporation of [BMIM][BF4] further promotes charge separation and transport, increasing the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current to 8 V and 22.8 nA, respectively. The enhanced electromechanical output directly drives the electroluminescent layer, enabling the real-time visualization of handwriting, patterned indentation, and dynamic stretching. This work provides an interface engineering strategy for self-powered visual pressure sensing.