Mechanics of Balloon and Stent Angioplasty in Congenital Heart Interventions

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Publication Details

Journal
Pediatric Cardiology
Published
2026-09-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-026-04472-0
Primary Topic
Elasticity and Material Modeling
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Mechanics of Balloon and Stent Angioplasty in Congenital Heart Interventions

Shyam Sathanandam, Himanshu Meena, Daniel Duarte Caceres
Pediatric Cardiology
Elasticity and Material Modeling
article

Mechanics of Balloon and Stent Angioplasty in Congenital Heart Interventions

Shyam Sathanandam, Himanshu Meena, Daniel Duarte Caceres
article en

Abstract

Transcatheter treatment of vascular obstruction, including balloon angioplasty and stent implantation, is central to the management of congenital heart disease (CHD). The success and safety of these procedures depend on complex mechanical interactions among abnormal vessels, adjacent "normal" segments, surrounding tissues, balloons, and stents. However, these biomechanical relationships have not been comprehensively reviewed for congenital interventional cardiologists. This review summarizes the mechanical principles most relevant to catheter-based therapy in CHD. First, we outline the biomechanical behavior of normal large vessels, especially the aorta and pulmonary arteries, including wall structure, anisotropy, nonlinear stress-strain behavior, residual stress, compliance and stress concentrations at bifurcations and curved segments. We then examine how congenital, postoperative, and acquired vascular abnormalities alter these properties and influence procedural response. Next, we review balloon mechanics, including compliance, inflation dynamics, balloon-vessel interaction, and the relationship among balloon diameter, pressure, lesion geometry, and vessel injury. Finally, we discuss the mechanics of balloon-expandable stents, including crimping, deployment, recoil, shortening, dog-boning, redilation, fracture, fatigue, and the influence of stent design and material properties on performance. Across all intervention types, clinical outcomes are shaped not only by lesion anatomy but also by local mechanical environments that remain incompletely defined and vary substantially among patients and lesions. A better understanding of these principles may improve procedural planning, device selection, risk assessment, and interpretation of acute and late outcomes after transcatheter intervention in CHD.

Pediatric Cardiology
University of Miami (US), Florida International University (US), Miami Children's Hospital (US)
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 21%
Elasticity and Material Modeling
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