Advances in Rose Essential Oil: Green Extraction, Bioactive Components and Multidisciplinary Applications

ABSTRACT Rose essential oil (REO) has attracted considerable attention due to its distinctive aroma and diverse bioactivities. This review summarizes green extraction technologies that enhance REO yield while preserving bioactive compounds and minimizing environmental pollution, including supercritical CO 2 extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, pulsed electric field‐assisted extraction and microwave‐assisted distillation (MAD). The article systematically outlines the major chemical constituents of REO—such as citronellol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethanol, nerol and limonene—and their mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective and antidepressant effects. The synergistic activities of these compounds confer broad application potential for REO across multiple domains, including pharmaceuticals (antidepressant, neuroprotective, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial and antiviral effects), the food industry (food preservation, meat preservation, probiotic survival and food packaging), agricultural disease and pest management (plant disease control, aquaculture disease prevention and pest suppression) and cosmetics (anti‐aging, whitening, anti‐acne and anti‐stress applications). This review aims to elucidate green extraction technologies for REO and its applications across multiple disciplines, providing insights and references to guide future research in this field.