BARRIERS TO EDUCATION: UNDERSTANDING THE ROOT CAUSES OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ZARIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

Education is a fundamental human right and a key driver of economic and social development. However,Nigeria continues to struggle with a high number of out-of-school children, particularly in rural areas such asZaria Local Government in Kaduna State. This paper examines the systemic barriers that hinder access toeducation, including economic hardship, cultural norms, inadequate infrastructure, and security challenges. Ithighlights the impact of poverty, the hidden costs of education, child labour, and gender disparities on schoolenrollment. The study also addresses the influence of traditional and religious education systems and theeffects of weak governance and corruption on educational outcomes. Furthermore, counterarguments regardinggovernment interventions, alternative education models, and security concerns are critically analysed. Toaddress these challenges, the paper recommends increased government funding, stronger policy enforcement,community engagement, alternative learning approaches, and enhanced school security measures. Byimplementing these strategies, stakeholders can work towards an inclusive and sustainable education systemthat ensures every child has access to quality education, ultimately fostering national development and socialstability.