Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles in Colorectal Cancer: Interdomain Communication Hubs in Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of drug targeting
Published
2026-09-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/1061186x.2026.2735996
Primary Topic
Cancer Research and Treatments
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles in Colorectal Cancer: Interdomain Communication Hubs in Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy

Roghayeh Faraji Akhijahani, Sepideh Shadravan, Masoud Lahouty, Marzieh Khaneshi et al.
Journal of drug targeting
Cancer Research and Treatments
article

Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles in Colorectal Cancer: Interdomain Communication Hubs in Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy

Roghayeh Faraji Akhijahani, Sepideh Shadravan, Masoud Lahouty, Marzieh Khaneshi, Golnaz Mobayen
article en

Abstract

The complex interaction between the intestinal microbiota and host mucosal immunity plays a defining role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and therapeutic outcomes. Recently, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)-nano-sized, lipid-bilayered extracellular particulates released by both commensal and pathogenic microorganisms-have emerged as critical long-range signaling vehicles within the gut. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the dual functionalities of OMVs in CRC pathogenesis and oncology. Mechanistically, pathogenic OMVs cross compromised mucosal barriers to drive horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of chimeric episomes, such as SPHINX DNAs and Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs), thereby promoting genomic instability and neoplastic transformation. Conversely, there is a paradigm shift toward exploiting next-generation probiotic and engineered OMVs as highly tunable therapeutic platforms. By combining cutting-edge bioengineering strategies-such as biomimetic mineralization to neutralize local tissue acidity and chemotherapeutic packaging-these nanovectors effectively reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Specifically, optimized OMVs modulate macrophage polarization from an M2 to an M1 phenotype and stimulate CXCL10-mediated CD8+ T-cell infiltration, effectively turning immunologically "cold" tumors "hot." Finally, the great translational challenges regarding systemic endotoxicity, scalability, and target delivery, providing a strategic approach for the integration of OMV-based platforms into synergistic immune checkpoint inhibition regimens.

Journal of drug targeting
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 16%
Cancer Research and Treatments
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