Thermal Architecture of Ternary Magnetized Casson Nanofluids within 2D and 3D Dimpled Enclosures with Rotational Cylindrical Obstruction

Compact and high-efficiency thermal systems are the need of innovative heat transfer enhancement mechanisms. Dimpled enclosures are important due to their ability to intensify flow recirculation, disrupt thermal boundary layers, and promote enhanced convective transport. This study provides a comprehensive thermal and hydrodynamic analysis of ternary nanofluid flow within 2D and 3D dimpled enclosures containing a rotating cylindrical obstacle under the influence of magnetic field. This study further aims to establish a comparative understanding between two-dimensional and three-dimensional thermal behaviors and energy transport efficiency. The governing equations for assumed nanofluid are formulated under appropriate thermophysical assumptions. The numerical framework is developed through the Galerkin method. This enables accurate spatial discretization of the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) within dimpled domains. The thermal and flow characteristics are evaluated using velocity contours, isotherm distributions, streamline structures.