An S-Band Radar Method for Early Detection of Stealth Fighters in Air-to-Air Combat

Stealth aircrafts reduce the detection ranges of traditional radar systems primarily by lowering Radar-Cross-Section (RCS) optimized for high-frequency X-band threat radars. To evaluate multi-band detection potential under airframe constraints, this study analyzes the integration of a wing-leading-edge S-band radar array to complement conventional nose-mounted X-band systems. Using link-budget modeling and simulation, detection performance across L-, S-, and X-bands is compared for low-observable target profiles under clear and jamming conditions. The analytical findings indicate that while nose-mounted X-band radars maintain high angular resolution, S- and L-band arrays provide extended burn-through and crossover detection ranges against stealth targets. Specifically, a fixed-aperture S-band wing-mounted configuration offers a balanced trade-off between element density and aperture constraints, providing actionable theoretical insights for future multi-band radar architectures in air-to-air scenarios. Keywords: Stealth fighters, air-to-air radar, radar absorbent material, S-band radar