Mapping the scientific research on mesenchymal stromal cells and multiple myeloma: a bibliometric analysis

Abstract Objective This study aimed to map the global scientific research landscape concerning mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and multiple myeloma (MM) over the past two decades (2000–2025) using bibliometric analysis to identify publication trends, key contributors, research themes, and evolving hotspots. Methods Bibliometric data (707 documents: 609 articles, 85 reviews) was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) using specific search strategies for MM and MSCs terminology. Quantitative analysis employed Bibliometrix (R), VOSviewer (v1.6.18), and CiteSpace (v6.4R1) to analyze annual publications, journal/country contributions, authorship networks, co-citation clusters, timeline development of references, and keyword co-occurrence/trends. Results Publication output showed an overall increasing trend (CAGR 4.3%), peaking around 2017 before a slight decline. The United States led in publications (273), citations (26,311), and international collaborations, followed by China. BLOOD was the most productive ( n = 65) and cited ( n = 5185) journal. Kenneth C. Anderson was the most prominent author. Analysis identified distinct research phases: early (2000–2007, tumor microenvironment focus), targeted therapy onset (2008–2017), and current (2018–2025, immunotherapy, exosomes, single-cell sequencing). Keyword clustering revealed four core themes: tumor microenvironment/immune regulation, abnormal bone metabolism, tumor biology/cell communication, and drug therapy/molecular targets. Emerging hotspots included exosomes, NK cell regulation, bone lesions. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis delineates the significant growth and evolving focus of MM/MSCs research. Collaboration, especially between the US and China, drives the field. Current research emphasizes the immunosuppressive and drug resistance roles of MM-BMSCs, with emerging technologies like single-cell sequencing focusing on the tumor microenvironment. Overcoming MSC-mediated immunosuppression and promoting bone repair represent critical future research priorities for improving MM therapies.