NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA IN THE PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Nutritional anaemia is an important nutritional disorder affecting children worldwide. It develops when deficiencies of essential nutrients required for erythropoiesis lead to reduced haemoglobin concentration and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. Iron deficiency is the most frequent nutritional contributor, while folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies may also cause anaemia. Rapid growth during infancy, childhood and adolescence increases nutritional requirements and may increase vulnerability. Inadequate dietary intake, poor absorption, recurrent infections, parasitic infestation and increased physiological requirements can further aggravate the problem. Clinical manifestations range from pallor and fatigue to reduced exercise tolerance, irritability and impaired concentration. Prolonged deficiency during childhood may adversely affect physical and neurodevelopmental outcomes.