Translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the Odia version of QOL-AD: evidence from participants with dementia and caregivers

Dementia is a leading cause of disability and dependency among older adults, making quality of life (QoL) an important outcome of dementia care. However, no validated Odia version of the Quality of Life–Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD) scale exists. This study aimed to translate and evaluate its psychometric properties. The QOL-AD was translated into Odia following the MAPI Trust linguistic validation algorithm. A cross-sectional design with total enumerative sampling was used among 104 older adults with Alzheimer’s disease-type dementia and their caregivers. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and content validity was evaluated using the content validity index (CVI). Construct validity of the patient version was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). After translation and cultural adaptation, the Odia QOL-AD was field-tested among 104 elderly with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease-type dementia and their caregivers. The mean age of the participants was 68.5 ± 3.8 years. The mean QOL-AD score was 25.8 ± 4.9 for the patients and 24.2 ± 5.1 for the caregivers. The Odia version QOL-AD tool demonstrated adequate internal consistency for both patients (α = 0.80) and caregivers (α = 0.82). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor model for the patient version, demonstrating favourable fit across most indices (CFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.053), although the SRMR was slightly above the prespecified criterion. The study provides preliminary evidence of internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity based on the four-factor CFA model and inter-factor correlations for patient version.