Development and validation of a nurse-led mHealth and module-based educational intervention for heart failure patients

Heart failure is a major global health problem associated with high morbidity, mortality, frequent hospitalizations, and poor quality of life. Strengthening self-care and treatment adherence through nurse-led digital education may improve disease management. This study aimed to develop, validate, and assess the feasibility of a nurse-led mHealth and module-based educational intervention for heart failure patients. The Medical Research Council (MRC) framework guided the systematic development and validation of the intervention. Development was based on an extensive literature review, expert consultations, and feasibility assessment in a clinical setting. Content validation was conducted using a single-round Delphi technique with multidisciplinary experts, and feasibility was assessed through a pilot implementation. The intervention demonstrated high content validity (CVI = 0.9) and good feasibility. It comprised structured educational modules, mHealth-based follow-up, and nurse-led reinforcement during hospitalization and post-discharge. The nurse-led mHealth and module-based educational intervention is a valid and feasible approach for enhancing self-care and continuity of care in heart failure patients. Further large-scale studies are required to evaluate its effectiveness and clinical outcomes. This randomized controlled trial was registration with Clinical Trials Registry–India, CTRI/2024/08/072687 on 19 August 2024.