The Cyclic Shell Model of the Universe.

The Shell Universe Model 2.1 describes a hypothetical cosmological framework in which a cyclically expanding and contracting region of the universe does not necessarily contain all matter of the total universe. During earlier contraction phases, a fraction of the matter could remain permanently outside the subsequent bounce region and, over multiple cycles, form a dynamic and inhomogeneous outer region. The work examines possible physical mechanisms for this matter transfer, the long-term evolution of the outer region, its possible gravitational and cosmological backreaction on later cycles, as well as the hypothesis of a terminal cycle without a renewed global collapse. Version 2.1 is explicitly not intended as a fully developed mathematical theory. Its aim is to formulate the model assumptions, open questions, possible observational signatures, and falsification criteria as clearly as possible so that independent mathematical, numerical, and observational testing becomes possible. Qualified readers are explicitly invited to critically examine, simulate, and, where appropriate, falsify the model.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22801549
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
preprint
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preprint

The Cyclic Shell Model of the Universe.

Norman Kropf
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
preprint

The Cyclic Shell Model of the Universe.

Norman Kropf
preprint en

Abstract

The Shell Universe Model 2.1 describes a hypothetical cosmological framework in which a cyclically expanding and contracting region of the universe does not necessarily contain all matter of the total universe. During earlier contraction phases, a fraction of the matter could remain permanently outside the subsequent bounce region and, over multiple cycles, form a dynamic and inhomogeneous outer region. The work examines possible physical mechanisms for this matter transfer, the long-term evolution of the outer region, its possible gravitational and cosmological backreaction on later cycles, as well as the hypothesis of a terminal cycle without a renewed global collapse. Version 2.1 is explicitly not intended as a fully developed mathematical theory. Its aim is to formulate the model assumptions, open questions, possible observational signatures, and falsification criteria as clearly as possible so that independent mathematical, numerical, and observational testing becomes possible. Qualified readers are explicitly invited to critically examine, simulate, and, where appropriate, falsify the model.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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The Cyclic Shell Model of the Universe. — Norman Kropf · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS