One Health – One Planet – One Mind: integrating eco-anxiety into the One Health paradigm

Climate change and environmental degradation affect not only ecosystems and physical health but also psychological well-being. Eco-anxiety—defined as chronic or anticipatory distress related to perceived environmental decline—has emerged as a growing public mental health concern. Although One Health frameworks recognise the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health, psychosocial processes shaping behavioural responses to environmental change remain underdeveloped within One Health discourse. This conceptual review positions eco-anxiety as a psychosocial determinant operating within the One Health–One Planet–One Mind continuum. Rather than treating eco-anxiety solely as a mental health outcome, we conceptualize it as a mediating and bidirectional process through which environmental disruption influences human behavior, multispecies health outcomes, and system-level resilience. Drawing on interdisciplinary evidence from environmental psychology, planetary mental health, and One Health literature, we synthesise pathways through which eco-anxiety may promote adaptive behaviors—such as environmental stewardship and community mobilization—or, when unaddressed, contribute to maladaptive responses including disengagement and reduced resilience. We propose a conceptual framework that embeds eco-anxiety within One Health architecture, illustrating feedback loops linking planetary change, psychosocial responses, behavioural pathways, and multispecies health outcomes. We conclude by outlining implications for One Health policy, monitoring, and intervention, highlighting the value of integrating psychosocial determinants into multisectoral strategies addressing climate-related health challenges.