Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, Ventilation, and Biology: A Review of the Second Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography
Here, we review scientific advances based on the second decade of Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) repeat hydrographic observations, collected between 2014 and 2023, building on an earlier review of GO-SHIP's first decade and its predecessor programs, Climate and Ocean Variability, Predictability, and Change (CLIVAR) and the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). During the second decade of GO-SHIP, 50 reference sections were occupied by 10 nations. Scientific advances include continued monitoring of the oceanic uptake of deep heat and anthropogenic carbon associated with climate change, as well as concomitant salinity, oxygen, and nutrient changes. In addition, we present results from new methods to analyze GO-SHIP observations that provide new insights into the patterns of anthropogenic warming in the ocean and water mass inversions that inform full-depth ocean ventilation. Finally, in this decade, GO-SHIP has expanded its scope to incorporate regional seas that represent hotspots of climate-driven change (the Arctic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea) and built a nascent biological component (Bio-GO-SHIP), and we review key results from these efforts.
Authors
- Sarah G. Purkey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-6224)
- Toste Tanhua (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-2557)
- Herlé Mercier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1940-617X)
- Quran Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-8922)
- Lynne D. Talley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-729X)
- Reiner Steinfeldt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-3990)
- Lidia I. Carracedo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3316-7651)
- Leah Chomiak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6800-8971)
- Verónica Caínzos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-1862)
- Bernadette M. Sloyan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0250-0167)
- Annie Foppert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-1454)
- Xabier Dávila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9757-331X)
- William J. Williams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7285-6954)
- Levente Bodrossy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-452X)
- Emil Jeansson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2501-3479)
- Martin Kramp
- Taichi Yokokawa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-100X)
- Marcos Fontela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-0922)
- Masao Ishii (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-4599)
- Elaine L. McDonagh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8813-4585)
- Laura Cimoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0720-8985)
- Zachary K. Erickson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-9881)
- Mario Hoppema (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-619X)
- Karen Stocks (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-300X)
- Masahito Shigemitsu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8160-265X)
- Denise Fernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-9537)
- Leticia Barbero
- Cesar Rocha
- Luke Thompson
- Siv K. Lauvset (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8498-4067)
- Adam C. Martiny (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-4314)
- Cristina Arumi
- Eric J. Raes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4131-9312)
- Yvonne Firing
- Gregory C. Johnson
- Alonso Hernández-Guerra
- Katrin Schroeder
- Giuseppe Civitarese
- Geoffrey Gebbie
- Vanessa Cardin
- Fiz F. Pérez
- Laurie W. Juranek
- Takuro Nunoura
- Brendan R. Carter
- Marta Álvarez
Institutions
- Universidade da Coruña (ES)
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ES)
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (DE)
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (AU)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JP)
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AU)
- Australian Antarctic Division (AU)
- World Meteorological Organization (CH)
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
- Ifremer (FR)
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale (FR)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- University of Bremen (DE)
- Pertamina (Indonesia) (ID)
- National Oceanography Centre (GB)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (US)
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (ES)
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (NO)
- Ocean Institute (US)
- Japan Meteorological Agency (JP)
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (US)
- Northern Gulf Institute (US)
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (DE)
- Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (ES)
- Education New Zealand (NZ)
- Institute for Applied Systems Technology Bremen (DE)
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (GB)
- Istituto di Scienze Marine del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IT)
- Laboratory for Ocean Physics and Satellite Remote Sensing (FR)
- Irvine University (US)
- Miami Transplant Institute (US)
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (FR)
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (IT)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (FR)
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (US)
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- Mississippi State University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Annual Review of Marine Science
- Published
- 2026-09-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040725-022155
- Primary Topic
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00