Graph-Based Topological Model of Photon Propagation through Cosmic Voids (photons with energy up to 300 TeV)

The GRB 221009A gamma-ray burst is the brightest such explosion ever recorded, informally named BOAT (The Brightest of All Time). Data analysis indicates the possible registration of a photon with an energy of about 300 TeV. The GRB 221009A gamma-ray burst occurred about 2.4 billion light-years from Earth.According to modern concepts, photons with very high energy should not cross the universe unhindered for billions of light years.I present a graph-based model of photon propagation through cosmic voids, in which the topological charge determines the sectors of the super-selection.This gives AIC approximately 22, which is significantly better than ALP+LIV (AIC = 25.6, k = 5). This is an attempt to get a testable result based on my theory, which is more related to the microcosm.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22794492
Primary Topic
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Type
article
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article

Graph-Based Topological Model of Photon Propagation through Cosmic Voids (photons with energy up to 300 TeV)

sGruzdev55 Груздев Сергей
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
article

Graph-Based Topological Model of Photon Propagation through Cosmic Voids (photons with energy up to 300 TeV)

sGruzdev55 Груздев Сергей
article en

Abstract

The GRB 221009A gamma-ray burst is the brightest such explosion ever recorded, informally named BOAT (The Brightest of All Time). Data analysis indicates the possible registration of a photon with an energy of about 300 TeV. The GRB 221009A gamma-ray burst occurred about 2.4 billion light-years from Earth.According to modern concepts, photons with very high energy should not cross the universe unhindered for billions of light years.I present a graph-based model of photon propagation through cosmic voids, in which the topological charge determines the sectors of the super-selection.This gives AIC approximately 22, which is significantly better than ALP+LIV (AIC = 25.6, k = 5). This is an attempt to get a testable result based on my theory, which is more related to the microcosm.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
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Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
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