Prime-shift operators on Bj\"orner's complex of squarefree integers: spectral obstruction, and an extended Toeplitz pencil for the explicit formula recovering 1789 nontrivial zeros of $\zeta$

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Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22791250
Primary Topic
Advanced Algebra and Geometry
Type
preprint
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preprint

Prime-shift operators on Bj\"orner's complex of squarefree integers: spectral obstruction, and an extended Toeplitz pencil for the explicit formula recovering 1789 nontrivial zeros of $\zeta$

Luca Eliseo Pavesi
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Algebra and Geometry
preprint

Prime-shift operators on Bj\"orner's complex of squarefree integers: spectral obstruction, and an extended Toeplitz pencil for the explicit formula recovering 1789 nontrivial zeros of $\zeta$

Luca Eliseo Pavesi
preprint en

Abstract

Let $\Delta_n$ denote Bj\"orner's simplicial complex on the squarefreeintegers $m \leq n$, and let\[H_n = \sum_{p \leq n} c_p\,(T_p + T_p^*)\]be the self-adjoint operator obtained from the prime-shift operators $T_p$with bounded weights $c_p$. We prove three groups of results on $H_n$.First, $H_n$ is self-adjoint with a $\mathbb{Z}/2$-symmetric spectrum, itssecond moment admits the exact trace formula$\operatorname{Tr}(H_n^2) = 2\sum_{p \leq n} c_p^2\,\sigma_p(n/p)$, and itsmoment sequence satisfies Carleman's criterion. Second, the kernel of $H_n$has positive density, with the exact dimension formula$\dim\ker(H_n) = d_n - 2\operatorname{rank}(A)$ and the level-one dimension$\pi(n) - \pi(n/2)$; the spectral measure of the positive part isheavy-tailed and mutually singular with the empirical measure of thenontrivial zeros of $\zeta$, providing a structural obstruction to theHilbert--P\'olya program on $\Delta_n$. Third, we revisit the Toeplitz pencilconstructed from the Guinand--Weil explicit formula. We show that therestriction $\Delta_{\max} \lesssim 0.3$ imposed in an earlier version ofthis work is not intrinsic: the pole term $\cosh(\Delta/2)e^{\sigma^2/4}$is an exact contribution of the explicit formula and can be retained withoutloss of numerical stability up to $\Delta_{\max} \sim 15$ in doubleprecision. With parameters $\sigma = 2.5\times 10^{-4}$,$\delta = 5\times 10^{-4}$, $K = 3\times 10^4$, the pencil recovers$\mathbf{1789}$ of the first $2000$ nontrivial zeros of $\zeta$ with meanrelative error $0.0145\%$, median $0.0090\%$, and maximum $0.178\%$, inabout $22$ minutes of CPU time on standard hardware. A reality test on thegeneralised eigenvalues --- the deviation of $|z_k|$ from $1$ --- shows that$5348$ of $7000$ extracted modes lie on the unit circle within $10^{-4}$,with median deviation $4.6 \times 10^{-5}$, providing numerical evidencefor the Riemann Hypothesis on this finite dataset. No proof of RH is claimed.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Algebra and Geometry
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