Defensive lipid droplets are PUFA reservoirs and suppliers driving bacterial clearance and inflammation

Lipid droplets (LDs) rapidly form in infected cells to participate in the defense against microbes. Here, we investigate the involvement of LD lipids in the immune response. Comparative lipidomics demonstrate that in vivo host LDs accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in LD-triglycerides and -phospholipids. Host lipid metabolism and the LD proteome are transcriptionally controlled by rapid, transient, and intricate immune programs initiated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and relayed by cytokines such as interferons (type I and II), interleukins (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor. When this environment is reproduced in cultured macrophages, newly formed LDs accumulate defensive proteins, coordinate complex PUFA synthesis, and become PUFA reservoirs and suppliers. Among LD-PUFAs, the ω-6 arachidonic acid is the most actively metabolized during the initial phases of innate immunity. Released from LDs by adipose triglyceride lipase, arachidonic acid is used by macrophages for prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis, bacterial phagocytosis, and elimination of microbes.

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Publication Details

Journal
Cell Reports
Published
2026-09-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.118002
Primary Topic
Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Defensive lipid droplets are PUFA reservoirs and suppliers driving bacterial clearance and inflammation

Marta Bosch, Laura Pedró-Cos, Harriet P. Lo, Marina Sanchez-Quijada et al.
Cell Reports
Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
article

Defensive lipid droplets are PUFA reservoirs and suppliers driving bacterial clearance and inflammation

Marta Bosch, Laura Pedró-Cos, Harriet P. Lo, Marina Sanchez-Quijada, Alba Fajardo, Robert G. Parton, James Rae, Jesús Balsinde, Carles Ruiz-Mirapeix, Albert Herms, James E. B. Curson, Caroline Demangel, Albert Pol, Erika Pineda, Bernhard Keller, Mariano Alonso-Bivou, Miguel Sanchez-Alvarez, Matthew J. Sweet, Gyana-Lipsa Parida, Anna M. Planas, Rémi Safi
article en

Abstract

Lipid droplets (LDs) rapidly form in infected cells to participate in the defense against microbes. Here, we investigate the involvement of LD lipids in the immune response. Comparative lipidomics demonstrate that in vivo host LDs accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in LD-triglycerides and -phospholipids. Host lipid metabolism and the LD proteome are transcriptionally controlled by rapid, transient, and intricate immune programs initiated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and relayed by cytokines such as interferons (type I and II), interleukins (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor. When this environment is reproduced in cultured macrophages, newly formed LDs accumulate defensive proteins, coordinate complex PUFA synthesis, and become PUFA reservoirs and suppliers. Among LD-PUFAs, the ω-6 arachidonic acid is the most actively metabolized during the initial phases of innate immunity. Released from LDs by adipose triglyceride lipase, arachidonic acid is used by macrophages for prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis, bacterial phagocytosis, and elimination of microbes.

Cell ReportsVol. 45(10)
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES), Inserm (FR), Institut Pasteur (FR), The University of Queensland (AU), Université Paris Cité (FR), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (ES), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (ES), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (ES), Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (ES), Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES)
“la Caixa” Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Australian Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council
Openalex Percentile: Top 16%
Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
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