A Human–Agent Trust Calibration Model for HFE Practitioners in Partial Mission Capable Recovery

The data-driven solutions of Industry 4.0 have affected the role of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) in blending natural and artificial environments in the military to train aircrews for emergency situations. This shift, through the widespread deployment of digitalization and cyber–physical systems, has led to the implementation of engineered autonomy that can predicate rational, goal-driven decisions. The extensible architecture of a fifth-generation aircraft with autonomous sensor management places the human–autonomy team at the center of collaborative sensing operations, shared verification and proactive control for risk mitigation. In the pursuit of aircraft safety during a mission, trust calibration between pilots and intelligent agents (IA) in safety-critical aviation environments remains poorly understood. Existing models do not account for how personality influences human–agent trust. Consequently, a Personality Gap Model (PGM), based on Jung’s functions-attitude is proposed to characterize trust under Partial Mission Capable (PMC) status. This conceptual relationship unfolds through the interactions of processes that need to work jointly, as Prof. James Reason emphasized in his Swiss Cheese Model (SCM). With salience information, these elements enable HFE practitioners to model the human personality structure embedded in the SCM, thereby augmenting a Trust Calibration Space (TCS) for designing trust-aware interventions.