DRUG UTILIZATION OF LEVETIRACETAM AND MANNITOL IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Objective: This thorough analysis highlights the established functions, drawbacks, and new alternatives of levetiracetam and mannitol medications in treating neurological disorders. The study examines how well they work for ailments like epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and intracranial hypertension (ICP) and talks about novel treatments that could get around the drawbacks of the ones that are currently available. Methods: A comprehensive review of recent research on the application of mannitol and levetiracetam in neurological disorders was carried out, including reviews, clinical trials, and studies. Additionally investigated were cutting-edge treatments and substitutes like neurostimulation, hypertonic saline, cannabinoids, and brivaracetam. Results: Although levetiracetam is still a mainstay in the treatment of epilepsy, it has serious neuropsychiatric adverse effects, especially in susceptible groups. Even with its wide range of applications, more research is needed for off-label applications like neuroprotection and migraine prevention. Although it effectively reduces brain swelling, mannitol, which is frequently used to treat elevated ICP, has risks, including rebound ICP and electrolyte imbalances. Newer substitutes such as brivaracetam and hypertonic saline have the potential to enhance patient outcomes while lowering complications. Additional treatment options are provided by cannabidiol (CBD) and neurostimulation techniques, especially for chronic pain and refractory epilepsy. Conclusions: Although mannitol and levetiracetam are still essential treatments for neurological conditions, their drawbacks necessitate research into new treatments. The future of neurological care will probably be shaped by developments in combination therapies, personalized medicine, and artificial intelligence (AI), which will maximize therapeutic results and reduce adverse effects. More efficient, customized treatment of neurological disorders may be possible with the combination of non-pharmacological methods and newer drugs.