Transfer-Film Stabilization by Reaction-Assisted GO/CNT/ZDMA/SiO2 Filler Networks in High-Temperature Rubber–Metal Sliding Contacts

High-temperature rubber–metal sliding in internal mixers involves filler-network evolution, third-body generation and transfer-film formation. In this work, a reaction-assisted GO/CNT/ZDMA/SiO2 network was constructed through in situ formation of zinc dimethacrylate from ZnO/methacrylic acid, TESPT-mediated silanization of silica, and GO/CNT sheet-tube hybrid architecture. The key scientific contribution is the separation of mean friction from metal-wear suppression: the best wear resistance was obtained when the network maintained a continuous rubber/carbon-rich transfer film, not when the mean friction coefficient was lowest. At 3 phr GO with 3 phr CNT (C4), filler dispersion was more uniform, hard agglomerate release was suppressed, and metal wear volume reached 1.63 × 106 μm3 with a volume-loss rate of 8.92%. Excessive GO promoted stacking and secondary agglomeration, increasing third-body supply, transfer-film rupture and metal exposure. Because no inert-atmosphere, pH, XPS, Raman, electrochemical or residue-concentration tests were performed, chemical assistance is treated as a possible secondary contribution after film rupture rather than as a proven independent mechanism. The results identify transfer-film continuity and friction fluctuation as practical screening indicators for reactive rubber–metal contacts.

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Publication Details

Journal
Polymers
Published
2026-09-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18182254
Primary Topic
Lubricants and Their Additives
Type
article
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article

Transfer-Film Stabilization by Reaction-Assisted GO/CNT/ZDMA/SiO2 Filler Networks in High-Temperature Rubber–Metal Sliding Contacts

Quanzhong Zhang, Feng Gong, Zhong Xueru, Deshang Han et al.
Polymers
Lubricants and Their Additives
article

Transfer-Film Stabilization by Reaction-Assisted GO/CNT/ZDMA/SiO2 Filler Networks in High-Temperature Rubber–Metal Sliding Contacts

Quanzhong Zhang, Feng Gong, Zhong Xueru, Deshang Han, Weihao Li, Song Zhanzhao, Deao Han, Chuansheng Wang, Yangkun Shao, Yongshuo Xing, Shuolei Wang, Lin Wang
article en

Abstract

High-temperature rubber–metal sliding in internal mixers involves filler-network evolution, third-body generation and transfer-film formation. In this work, a reaction-assisted GO/CNT/ZDMA/SiO2 network was constructed through in situ formation of zinc dimethacrylate from ZnO/methacrylic acid, TESPT-mediated silanization of silica, and GO/CNT sheet-tube hybrid architecture. The key scientific contribution is the separation of mean friction from metal-wear suppression: the best wear resistance was obtained when the network maintained a continuous rubber/carbon-rich transfer film, not when the mean friction coefficient was lowest. At 3 phr GO with 3 phr CNT (C4), filler dispersion was more uniform, hard agglomerate release was suppressed, and metal wear volume reached 1.63 × 106 μm3 with a volume-loss rate of 8.92%. Excessive GO promoted stacking and secondary agglomeration, increasing third-body supply, transfer-film rupture and metal exposure. Because no inert-atmosphere, pH, XPS, Raman, electrochemical or residue-concentration tests were performed, chemical assistance is treated as a possible secondary contribution after film rupture rather than as a proven independent mechanism. The results identify transfer-film continuity and friction fluctuation as practical screening indicators for reactive rubber–metal contacts.

PolymersVol. 18(18)
Qingdao University of Science and Technology (CN), Ludong University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 20%
Lubricants and Their Additives
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Transfer-Film Stabilization by Reaction-Assisted GO/CNT/ZDMA/SiO2 Filler Networks in High-Temperature Rubber–Metal Sliding Contacts — Quanzhong Zhang, Feng Gong, et al. · Polymers (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS