Community-based tsunami preparedness and risk communication in Cilacap, Indonesia: perceived threat and self-efficacy perspectives

Purpose This study aims to explore perceived threat and self-efficacy among members of community-based organisations in a tsunami-prone coastal area of Indonesia using the extended parallel process model (EPPM) as the theoretical framework. Design/methodology/approach A total of 50 participants were recruited, with 34 valid responses included in the final analysis. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among members of community-based organisations involved in disaster preparedness activities in Cilacap, Indonesia. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and parametric and non-parametric inferential tests to examine associations between perceived threat, self-efficacy and selected demographic variables. Findings Respondents reported relatively high levels of perceived threat and self-efficacy, indicating a tendency towards adaptive preparedness orientations. Perceived threat was positively associated with self-efficacy. No significant differences in perceived threat or self-efficacy were observed across age or education groups. Consistent findings from both parametric and non-parametric analyses suggest that the results were robust despite the small sample size and ceiling effects observed in the data. Originality/value Empirically, this study provides evidence on threat perceptions and self-efficacy among members of local preparedness actors who remain underrepresented in disaster research. Theoretically, it extends the empirical application of EPPM from the general population to community-based organisational actors who serve as intermediaries between formal disaster management institutions and coastal communities. Practically, it highlights the value of combining hazard information with actionable evacuation guidance and of engaging community organisations in risk communication and preparedness planning in tsunami-prone coastal environments.