A Soy-Derived Isoflavone Genistein Inhibits the Life Cycle of PRRSV In Vitro

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has become a global health threat for swine. Because of the limited effectiveness of commercial vaccine strategies and the absence of specific antiviral chemical drugs for PRRS, it is urgent to identify new strategies for preventing and controlling PRRSV infections. Genistein, a soy-derived isoflavone, has shown promise in reducing viremia in PRRSV-infected pigs. However, its antiviral molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the inhibitory effects and mechanism of genistein on PRRSV infection in vitro. Our results demonstrated that genistein dose-dependently inhibited PRRSV infection in Marc-145 cells at several stages of the PRRSV replication cycle. With its favorable safety profile and potent efficacy in antiviral and growth promotion in swine, genistein stands out as a promising dietary adjunct for PRRSV prevention and control in swine husbandry.