The transition experience of breast cancer patients from health to illness in iran: from engulfment in suffering to passing through uncertainty and doubt – a hermeneutic phenomenological study

A diagnosis of breast cancer profoundly affects physical, emotional, and social well-being and often evokes psychological responses such as fear, anxiety, uncertainty, and emotional distress. Given the critical influence of psychosocial stress, adaptation, and coping on outcomes, care during the transition from health to illness is essential. Guided by Meleis’ Transition Theory, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of individuals with breast cancer as they transition from health to illness in Iran. This qualitative research employed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of individuals with breast cancer at various stages. Purposeful sampling with maximum variation continued until data saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured bedside interviews lasting 20 to 55 min. Diekelmann et al.‘s (1989) method was used for analysis, and rigor was ensured through Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Interviews were conducted with 11 women with breast cancer aged 40 to 59 years (mean age 49.27 ± 6.72), across various treatment stages, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and survivorship. Three core themes emerged: 1) Engulfment in Suffering (Sense of Disquietude from cancer diagnosis, Uncertain Future, Avalanche of Calamity (; 2) Metastasis into Life (The End of Dynamism, Fragmentation of Relationships); and 3) Transitioning through Uncertainty and Doubt; Regaining Self (Reclaiming Life, Adaptation, and Clinging to the Rope of Hope). Understanding the complex transition from health to illness provides a deeper understanding of the emotional, social, and existential challenges experienced by individuals with breast cancer. These findings may help healthcare professionals better recognize patients’ needs and provide more comprehensive and compassionate care throughout the disease trajectory.