Wire–Correlation Tradeoffs at Exponent 7/2 for Depth-Two Threshold Circuits

We prove almost-everywhere correlation lower bounds for unrestricted THR∘THR and SYM∘THR circuits measured by physical wires, raising the wire-exponent frontier for these classes from 3 to 7/2, up to logarithmic factors. Write L = ceil(log_2(n+2)). For every fixed c > 0 and K_T > 5+2c, K_S > 4+2c, there is one language in E^NP, depending on c, K_T, K_S but on nothing else, such that for every fixed pair of multipliers A_T, A_S > 0 and every sufficiently large n: every THR∘THR circuit with at most A_T n^(7/2)/L^(K_T) wires, and every SYM∘THR circuit with at most A_S n^(7/2)/L^(K_S) wires, agrees with the language on less than a 1/2 + L^(-c) fraction of inputs. Further regimes trade the denominator against the advantage: endpoint powers L^5, L^4 at constant advantage with suitably small positive coefficients, a log* n variant, and polynomial advantage n^(-c) at caps n^(7/2-eps) for every fixed 0 < c < eps/2, the range eps > 1/2 following from the author's earlier near-cubic wire theorem. Since a normalized circuit with G bottom-gate occurrences has at most (n+1)G wires, gate-small circuits are wire-small, and the constant-advantage endpoint gives almost-everywhere correlation gate bounds at positive-coefficient caps n^(5/2)/L^5 and n^(5/2)/L^4, improving the author's earlier gate preprint in both the logarithmic denominators and the form of hardness. Two ideas drive the improvement. First, building on the restriction-and-CAPP framework of Chen, Tal, and Wang, coordinate restrictions are replaced by a partition of the cube into products of Hamming-code stars: the partition charges a threshold only for genuinely mixed dependence on the two live halves of a cell — one-sided behavior, however complicated, is absorbed into exact scores — and the mixed difference is nonzero with probability O(r^(3/2) f / n^(3/2)) for fan-in f and r blocks. Second, that structural gain must survive two hostile conversions, deterministic counting and hardness amplification, and most of the new machinery exists to keep each conversion from spending it: a matrix sampler with one fixed trace moment is accurate for all rank-one selectors simultaneously, so the absorbed one-sided behavior never has to be enumerated; repaired count lists keep every reported count state Boolean, with controlled intermediate ranges, even on failed hash seeds; and a sparse masked verifier carries the counting algorithm through the Chen–Lyu–Williams almost-everywhere transfer without multiplying discarded mass by the coefficient mass of an XOR reconstruction. We specify the imported algorithm-to-lower-bound interfaces, prove the new compiler and transfer steps in detail, and give three scoped obstructions to stronger conclusions from these methods.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-15
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22774130
Primary Topic
Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs
Type
preprint
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preprint

Wire–Correlation Tradeoffs at Exponent 7/2 for Depth-Two Threshold Circuits

Dev Nag
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs
preprint

Wire–Correlation Tradeoffs at Exponent 7/2 for Depth-Two Threshold Circuits

Dev Nag
preprint en

Abstract

We prove almost-everywhere correlation lower bounds for unrestricted THR∘THR and SYM∘THR circuits measured by physical wires, raising the wire-exponent frontier for these classes from 3 to 7/2, up to logarithmic factors. Write L = ceil(log_2(n+2)). For every fixed c > 0 and K_T > 5+2c, K_S > 4+2c, there is one language in E^NP, depending on c, K_T, K_S but on nothing else, such that for every fixed pair of multipliers A_T, A_S > 0 and every sufficiently large n: every THR∘THR circuit with at most A_T n^(7/2)/L^(K_T) wires, and every SYM∘THR circuit with at most A_S n^(7/2)/L^(K_S) wires, agrees with the language on less than a 1/2 + L^(-c) fraction of inputs. Further regimes trade the denominator against the advantage: endpoint powers L^5, L^4 at constant advantage with suitably small positive coefficients, a log* n variant, and polynomial advantage n^(-c) at caps n^(7/2-eps) for every fixed 0 < c < eps/2, the range eps > 1/2 following from the author's earlier near-cubic wire theorem. Since a normalized circuit with G bottom-gate occurrences has at most (n+1)G wires, gate-small circuits are wire-small, and the constant-advantage endpoint gives almost-everywhere correlation gate bounds at positive-coefficient caps n^(5/2)/L^5 and n^(5/2)/L^4, improving the author's earlier gate preprint in both the logarithmic denominators and the form of hardness. Two ideas drive the improvement. First, building on the restriction-and-CAPP framework of Chen, Tal, and Wang, coordinate restrictions are replaced by a partition of the cube into products of Hamming-code stars: the partition charges a threshold only for genuinely mixed dependence on the two live halves of a cell — one-sided behavior, however complicated, is absorbed into exact scores — and the mixed difference is nonzero with probability O(r^(3/2) f / n^(3/2)) for fan-in f and r blocks. Second, that structural gain must survive two hostile conversions, deterministic counting and hardness amplification, and most of the new machinery exists to keep each conversion from spending it: a matrix sampler with one fixed trace moment is accurate for all rank-one selectors simultaneously, so the absorbed one-sided behavior never has to be enumerated; repaired count lists keep every reported count state Boolean, with controlled intermediate ranges, even on failed hash seeds; and a sparse masked verifier carries the counting algorithm through the Chen–Lyu–Williams almost-everywhere transfer without multiplying discarded mass by the coefficient mass of an XOR reconstruction. We specify the imported algorithm-to-lower-bound interfaces, prove the new compiler and transfer steps in detail, and give three scoped obstructions to stronger conclusions from these methods.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs
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