Artificial intelligence application in educational gamification: science mapping of present and future trends

Purpose The educational landscape has rapidly shifted toward technology-enhanced learning, where artificial intelligence (AI) and gamification play increasingly important roles in improving engagement and learning outcomes. This study explores the knowledge structure of AI in educational gamification by examining recent pedagogical advancements (student engagement, motivation and academic achievement), technological innovations (machine learning, ChatGPT and augmented reality) and methodological developments in AI-supported gamified learning. It also identifies future research directions at the educational, technological and implementation levels to guide the development of more adaptive, personalized and effective learning environments. Design/methodology/approach Using a bibliometric approach, a total of 248 documents were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database and analyzed with VOSviewer software. Science mapping analysis was performed to uncover emerging themes using bibliographic coupling and future trends using co-word analysis. Findings Four themes were found in bibliographic coupling associated with AI-driven gamified learning, while co-word analysis produced six clusters associated with transforming education through AI gamification. The findings highlight the crucial role of AI technologies and gamification in education to enhance engagement, personalization and learning outcomes. Originality/value The unique contribution of this study is its systematic investigation of the knowledge structure of AI and gamification, offering a foundation for future research and practice. This study also provides a comprehensive understanding of how these technologies can be effectively integrated to transform educational experiences.