EVALUATION OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES AND CARDIAC ABNORMALITIES IN COPD PATIENTS

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. In addition to pulmonary impairment, COPD is associated with systemic complications, including serum electrolyte disturbance and cardiovascular abnormalities, which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. Hypoxia, hypercapnia, acid-base imbalance, medications, and associated comorbidities can alter serum electrolytes levels and cardiac function. To evaluate serum electrolyte abnormalities and cardiac abnormalities in patients with COPD and to assess the relationship between electrolyte imbalance and electrocardiographic (ECG) findings. This observational study included diagnosed COPD patients attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital.