Shared genetic basis and spatial cellular atlas of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome

Background Psoriasis (PS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequently co-occur. Characterizing their shared genetic architecture and spatially enriched cellular populations may clarify the context of their co-occurrence and generate hypotheses for functional validation. Methods We integrated genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for PS, MetS, and five related components with spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomic data. Global and local genetic correlations were assessed using linkage disequilibrium score regression, genetic covariance analysis, high-definition likelihood, and local analysis of variant association. A bivariate causal mixture model quantified polygenic overlap. Conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate and composite-null pleiotropy analyses identified shared susceptibility loci. Finally, gsMap evaluated trait-associated enrichment across annotated embryonic tissues at single-cell resolution. Results Genetic approaches identified significant genome-wide correlations and polygenic sharing between PS, MetS, and its components. Local and cross-trait analyses identified region-specific signals and cross-validated shared loci. gsMap revealed trait-specific tissue enrichment. PS showed the strongest enrichment in the epidermis (pCauchy = 1.0573 × 10 − ⁴), adipose tissue (pCauchy = 1.5366 × 10 − ⁴), and liver (pCauchy = 1.0167 × 10 − ³). Across MetS, FBG, HDL-C, hypertension, and TG, enriched regions mainly involved the liver, adipose tissue, and epidermis. WC enrichment was predominantly observed in adipose tissue (pCauchy = 1.7823 × 10 − ⁴), with no significant liver or epidermal enrichment. Conclusion Integrating GWAS with single-cell transcriptomic and spatial information characterized shared genetic architecture between PS and MetS-related phenotypes and their spatial enrichment patterns. These findings provide a framework for generating testable hypotheses about comorbidity biology and guiding future functional and clinical validation.