Quality of Life Among Glioblastoma Caregivers in Pakistan: A CarGOQoL Assessment

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults and is associated with poor survival despite multimodal therapy. Caregivers provide essential support but face significant physical, emotional, and financial burdens, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Pakistan. This study assessed caregiver quality of life (QoL) and factors influencing it. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi (2023–2025). Caregivers of 35 GBM patients were interviewed via telephone using the validated CareGiver Oncology Quality of Life (CarGOQoL) questionnaire. Patient and caregiver demographics, clinical variables, and caregiving characteristics were collected. QoL domain scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and regression models to identify associations with patient and caregiver factors. Median total caregiver QoL was 50.9 (IQR 48.3–56.9). Highest median scores were observed for relationship with healthcare (75.0) and coping (66.7), while psychological well-being was lowest (31.3). Male caregivers had significantly higher total QoL than females (55.2 vs. 48.7; p = 0.028). Younger caregivers reported better psychological well-being, and caregivers with assistance had higher relationship-with-healthcare scores. Patient comorbidities and marital status were associated with caregiver coping and physical well-being. Financial strain, prolonged caregiving hours, and patients' neurological deficits contributed to lower QoL. GBM caregiving imposes substantial multidimensional burdens in resource-limited settings. Interventions addressing psychological support, financial counseling, and practical assistance are essential to improve caregiver well-being. Recognizing caregiver QoL as a central component of comprehensive cancer care is critical for optimizing patient outcomes. Future longitudinal and qualitative studies are needed to identify key intervention periods and contextual factors shaping caregiving experiences.