Application of cellulose-based composite membranes in the treatment of organic dye wastewater

Organic dye effluents are characterized by intense coloration, poor biodegradability, and ecological toxicity stemming from the stable conjugated structures of dye molecules, which pose substantial challenges to conventional treatment technologies. Cellulose-based membrane materials offer inherent renewability, chemical modifiability, intrinsic hydrophilicity, and biodegradability, rendering them an attractive platform for sustainable water-treatment membranes. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress of cellulose based composite membranes for organic dye wastewater treatment, including cellulose substrate types, preparation strategies, introduction of functional components, membrane structure regulation, and adsorption photocatalytic synergistic mechanisms. Unlike previous reviews that mainly focus on cellulose adsorption materials, separation membranes, or single pollutant removal processes, this article focuses on analyzing the coupling relationship between adsorption enrichment and photocatalytic degradation in cellulose based composite membranes from the perspective of structure function synergy, and explores the key structural factors that affect the synergistic purification efficiency.