Food Allergen Immunotherapy via Electrospray Coated Microneedles - A Potential Transdermal Therapy

insertion studies confirmed consistent membrane penetration with minimal invasiveness. Permeation study demonstrated efficient allergen transport (80-90%) across rat skin from coated MNs. In rats, a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in IgE (immunoglobulin E) titres following MN mediated delivery of PN (1.78-fold) and PS (1.39-fold) loaded PLGA matrices was recorded by day 50. These findings established EHDA-processed nut-PLGA coated MNs as a potentially promising platform for transdermal food allergen immunotherapy, enabling controlled release, effective skin permeation and preserved immunogenicity. The ability to coat allergen-formulations in minute and scalable quantities provides an opportunity to personalise specific food therapies using transdermal MNs.