JW-FD: A 15-Year Multimodal Dataset for Solar Flare Forecasting

Solar flares drive severe space weather hazards, and forecasting their occurrence remains a central challenge for both heliophysics and operational space weather services. Data-driven methods require long-horizon datasets in which images, magnetic features, and flare labels are coregistered in space and time. We present JW-FD (JinWu-Flare Dataset), a 15-year multimodal release spanning 1 January 2011 through 31 December 2025, constructed from SDO/HMI line-of-sight magnetograms, NOAA Solar Region Summary reports, and NOAA X-ray flare event lists. The dataset comprises 3,064 independent active regions and 1,991,247 coregistered magnetogram crops, together with FITS, PNG, CSV, and MP4 modalities. Each sample provides 29 magnetic features linked to configurable flare labels under a strict pre-eruption window spanning seven forecast horizons and four GOES intensity thresholds. An 8:1:1 split at the active region level is adopted to prevent temporal leakage between partitions. PNG branches are released at ten magnetic saturation thresholds, and internal Transformer and four-model 24 h experiments on ≥C1.0 and ≥M1.0 forecasting suggest Bth=1000 G as a preliminary default, although skill remains modest and the optimal saturation is model- and task-dependent. The open-source construction pipeline and dataset are publicly available.