Implementation of an Undergraduate Research Program on Bismuth Oxyhalide-Based Photocatalysis

Abstract Undergraduate research experiences (UREs) are high-impact educational practices that promote student engagement with research, develop a scientific identity, and are drivers to pursue graduate studies. However, their implementation remains limited in developing countries. This study describes the implementation of a URE focused on bismuth oxyhalide (BiOX) photocatalysis at a public university of Ecuador. The program adopted a mentored URE model integrated into existing curricular structures; its core elements included literature analysis/debate, research planning, scaffolded laboratory training, national/international collaboration, and dissemination. The URE started by establishing three generic goals linked to the synthesis, instrumental characterization, and assessment of the photocatalytic activity of BiOX. The URE evolved according to the participants’ interests, focusing on the interaction of BiOX with bacteria/cells and subsequently on the immobilization of BiOX. To date, 33 students have participated in the URE (including 12 international participants in summer schools); among them, 15 have obtained a bachelor’s degree under the program. To evaluate the URE, two types of postprogram surveys were used, one focused on participants and the other on program tutors. Most of the participants expressed that the URE improved their soft and technical skills as well as motivated their intention to pursue graduate studies. The results of the survey with focus on tutors expressed that the URE partially accomplishes most of the characteristics of excellence outlined by the Council for Undergraduate Research. Future work should incorporate longitudinal and pre/post assessments to more rigorously examine learning gains, identity development, and long-term career trajectories associated with the URE.