Transverse Momentum Distributions of Hadrons of Different Species in the Extended Multipomeron Exchange Model

A framework for particle production in high-energy collisions is developed within the multi-pomeron exchange model. To address the inconsistency between the Gaussian transverse momentum spectra from the Schwinger string hadronization mechanism and the thermal-like spectra observed in experimental data, event-by-event string tension fluctuations are incorporated. This modification naturally leads to thermal-like $${{p}_{{\\text{T}}}}$$ -distributions. The model is further extended to describe identified hadrons by accounting for resonance production and decay. A transverse-momentum-dependent effective decay matrix, handling full cascade decays, is implemented to correctly describe the yields and spectra of pions, kaons, and protons. The model successfully describes the $${{p}_{{\\text{T}}}}$$ -spectra of identified particles in $$pp$$ collisions at LHC energy, demonstrating the essential role of string fluctuations and resonance feed-down for a consistent description of particle production.