Stress-Blended Eddy Simulation

The stress-blended eddy simulation (SBES) model is an advanced hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes–large-eddy simulation (RANS-LES) turbulence model. It is based on the detached-eddy simulation (DES) philosophy with the goal of optimizing the DES concept for safe industrial use. Several goals are formulated that define an optimal hybrid RANS-LES formulation within the given model family. The most important goals are to optimize protection of the boundary layer against grid refinement to avoid grid-induced separation, to allow for a rapid transition from RANS to LES in separated shear layers, to achieve a clear separation of RANS and LES components, and to provide a calibrated capability for wall-modeled LES (WMLES) operation under certain conditions. The SBES model was developed more than a decade ago and has been in heavy industrial use ever since. However, the model has never been fully published. The current article provides a full mathematical description of the method as well as a detailed explanation of the underlying philosophy. In addition, the model’s performance is demonstrated against building-block test cases and semi-industrial applications.