Chromium and lead levels and their health effects on welding and electroplating exposed workers: A pilot study

Some industrial activities involve worker exposure to chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb). This study aimed to correlate blood and urine levels of Cr and Pb in welding and electroplating workers with health effects, including plasma lipid peroxidation and biochemical parameters. Physical examinations and health questionnaires were conducted on 33 exposed workers and 39 control subjects. Blood chromium (CrB), lead (PbB), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and standard biochemical parameters were analyzed. The exposed group exhibited higher blood levels of MDA, Pb, and Cr compared to the control group. Among exposed workers, rhinorrhea, nasopharyngeal itching, and hyperemia were the most commonly reported signs and symptoms. CrB levels were found to negatively correlate with platelet count, glucose, MDA, and bilirubin. Blood lead (PbB) levels showed a correlation with glucose, while urinary lead (PbU) levels were associated with glucose and MDA. Despite the relatively low levels of Cr and Pb detected in blood, metal-exposed workers demonstrated health issues.