Antitumor effects of magnesium-based materials through the ferroptosis pathway

{"Magnesium-based":[0],"materials":[1,36,39,47,269],"offer":[2],"unique":[3],"advantages":[4],"in":[5,34,61,142],"clinical":[6,25,72,249],"applications":[7],"owing":[8],"to":[9],"their":[10,224],"biodegradability":[11],"and":[12,41,57,65,68,71,91,110,128,152,181,210,253,304],"osteogenic":[13],"activity;":[14],"however,":[15],"the":[16,31,46,53,80,88,123,143,154,175,183,190,234,237,254],"excessively":[17],"rapid":[18],"degradation":[19,63,196,239],"of":[20,55,95,122,157,174,187,193,236,267],"pure":[21],"magnesium":[22],"limits":[23],"its":[24],"translation.":[26],"This":[27],"review":[28,85,138],"systematically":[29,167,247],"integrates":[30,149],"latest":[32],"advances":[33],"magnesium-based":[35,76,268],"from":[37],"both":[38],"engineering":[40,48],"tumor":[42,81,125],"biology":[43,82],"perspectives.":[44],"At":[45,79],"level,":[49,83],"it":[50,100,147],"focuses":[51],"on":[52],"roles":[54],"alloying":[56],"surface":[58],"coating":[59],"technologies":[60],"controlling":[62],"kinetics":[64],"optimizing":[66],"functionality,":[67],"summarizes":[69],"preclinical":[70],"evidence":[73,170],"for":[74],"various":[75],"material":[77],"systems.":[78],"this":[84,137,164],"first":[86],"discusses":[87,153],"physiological,":[89],"therapeutic,":[90],"toxic":[92],"concentration":[93],"ranges":[94],"Mg":[96,106,179],"2+":[97,107,180],".":[98],"Subsequently,":[99],"proposes":[101],"an":[102,294],"integrated":[103,295],"perspective":[104],"that":[105,218,276,298],",":[108],"OH⁻,":[109],"H":[111],"2":[112],"may":[113],"act":[114],"across":[115],"three":[116,195,238],"functional":[117],"dimensions—immune":[118],"effector":[119],"enhancement,":[120],"neutralization":[121],"acidic":[124],"microenvironment":[126],"(TME),":[127],"redox":[129],"protection—to":[130],"form":[131],"a":[132,160,204,215,264,272],"cooperative":[133],"network.":[134],"In":[135],"addition,":[136],"highlights":[139],"inconsistent":[140],"findings":[141],"existing":[144],"literature.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"further":[148],"immune–ferroptosis":[150],"crosstalk":[151],"potential":[155],"role":[156],"ferroptosis":[158,282],"as":[159,271],"\\"signal":[161],"amplifier\\"":[162],"within":[163],"network,":[165],"while":[166],"identifying":[168],"key":[169],"gaps.":[171],"Importantly,":[172],"because":[173],"precipitation":[176],"equilibrium":[177],"between":[178],"OH⁻and":[182],"physical":[184],"barrier":[185],"effect":[186],"H₂":[188],"bubbles,":[189],"spatial":[191],"distributions":[192],"these":[194],"products":[197,240],"are":[198],"not":[199,245,258],"independent;":[200],"instead,":[201],"they":[202,242],"exhibit":[203],"compartmentalized":[205],"pattern":[206],"governed":[207],"by":[208],"thermodynamic":[209],"kinetic":[211],"coupling,":[212],"which":[213],"constitutes":[214],"fundamental":[216],"constraint":[217],"must":[219],"be":[220,278],"considered":[221],"when":[222,241],"investigating":[223],"synergistic":[225,274],"effects.":[226],"Nevertheless,":[227],"current":[228],"research":[229],"still":[230],"has":[231,257],"several":[232],"deficiencies:":[233],"effects":[235],"coexist":[243],"have":[244],"been":[246,259],"evaluated;":[248],"translation":[250],"remains":[251],"insufficient;":[252],"ferroptosis-inducing":[255],"capacity":[256],"adequately":[260],"validated.":[261],"Looking":[262],"ahead,":[263],"pragmatic":[265],"positioning":[266],"is":[270],"multifunctional":[273],"platform":[275],"can":[277],"sequentially":[279],"combined":[280],"with":[281],"inducers":[283],"(FINs),":[284],"immune":[285],"checkpoint":[286],"inhibitors,":[287],"or":[288],"standard":[289],"chemotherapeutic":[290],"regimens,":[291],"ultimately":[292],"advancing":[293],"therapeutic":[296],"strategy":[297],"unites":[299],"mechanical":[300],"support,":[301],"tissue":[302],"repair,":[303],"TME":[305],"modulation.":[306]}