Marangoni-driven flow of NaAlg radiative tetra hybrid nanofluid with activation energy and local thermal non-equilibrium effects for microfluidic heat exchangers

This model applies to microfluidic devices, bioengineering, polymer processing, coating technologies, porous heat exchangers, catalytic reactors, microfluidic heat exchangers, cooling agents, textile detergents and biomedical heat transfer, where local thermal non-equilibrium and Marangoni convection are the novel contributions of this research paper. Fe3O4, Cu, Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles were selected to enhance thermophysical properties while maintaining the constant-viscosity elastic behavior essential to NaAlg-based fluid rheology. This study investigates the impacts of LTNE (local thermal non-equilibrium) on Marangoni convection laminar, NaAlg-based ternary hybrid nanofluid with heat generation, activation energy, chemical reaction and MHD. The transformed ODEs were solved numerically using the bvp4c method. Major outcomes show that Marangoni convection enhances flow and heat transfer, whereas magnetic and porous resistances reduce velocity and boundary-layer thickness. LTNE significantly affects both solid and fluid phase temperature distributions, which is vital for nuclear reactor cooling and geothermal systems. Higher activation energy slows reaction rates; it increases the concentration profile. While stronger Marangoni convection enhances the concentration boundary layer. Increased nanoparticle volume fraction improves thermal conductivity but raises viscosity. These outcomes of the current research are used to optimize high-performance nanofluid cooling systems and energy storage devices. The concentration profile increases with increasing values of the activation energy parameter.