Characterization of diesel-related pollutant migration in fire stations using low-cost direct-reading monitors

< 0.05), although the direction and significance of these associations varied by pollutant. PM2.5 and PM1 were not significantly associated with these factors. Measurable pollutant concentrations were detected beyond engine bays, suggesting that pollutants or shared indoor sources may influence adjacent occupied spaces. These findings indicate that diesel-related pollutant levels in fire stations are influenced by operational and structural factors and support evaluating engineering and ventilation controls to reduce in-station exposure.