Design of Energy Poverty Mitigation Policies Using GIS, PCA-Based Indices and Photovoltaic Potential Assessment in Bogotá, Colombia

Energy poverty (EP) is defined as a multidimensional phenomenon characterized by the inability of households to secure adequate, affordable, and reliable energy services. EP contributes to inequality and limits human development, making its mitigation essential for improving living standards and reducing structural socioeconomic disparities. Worldwide progress toward EP relief remains uneven, despite progress in electrification. In Latin America, high access rates mask persistent territorial and socioeconomic inequalities, where access does not always translate into adequate energy services. In Colombia, significant regional deprivations persist between province and intra-urban levels. Hence, this study designs and parameterizes public policy interventions for EP mitigation through a GIS-based multivariate analysis of EP in Bogotá. It integrates literature review and official data to construct multidimensional indicators, combined with geospatial techniques to identify spatial deficits and patterns. For Bogotá, results identify priority areas and suggest general guidelines for public policy interventions based on on-site renewable energy generation as a potential mechanism for alleviating household EP. Energy communities and aggregation strategies optimize investment, complexity and EP mitigation, whereas individual 2 kWp household systems allow 53.6% of households to offset their deficits, yielding annual benefits of 300–700 USD.