Smartphone-Integrated Laccase-like Nanozyme Colorimetric Sensors for Food Quality and Environmental Analysis: Mechanisms, Materials Design, and Analytical Challenges

). Significantly, they have developed a systematic design approach characterized by well-defined structure-activity relationships and well-established catalytic mechanisms. When combined with the advanced imaging and communication capabilities of smartphones, these nanozyme-enabled systems offer promising alternatives to traditional laboratory-based techniques. Herein, this study offers a critical analysis of recent advancements in smartphone-integrated colorimetric sensors that utilize laccase-like nanozymes. It specifically focuses on catalytic principles, the design of nanozyme materials, sensing methodologies, and their analytical applications. Significant emphasis is placed on various types of laccase-like materials and their potential uses in food safety and environmental analysis over the last three years. Additionally, structural optimization, electronic modulation, and bioinspired active site modifications aimed at enhancing enzyme-like activity have been explored. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are critically discussed.