Curcumin as a sustainable functional pigment: advances in extraction, properties and applications in advanced materials

Purpose This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of curcumin as a natural pigment, focusing on its chemical structure, physicochemical properties, extraction methods and emerging applications in coatings, pigments and nanotechnology. Design/methodology/approach A critical review of recent literature was conducted to analyze conventional and green extraction techniques, including solvent extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction, along with the physicochemical behavior and functional performance of curcumin in different applications. Findings Curcumin exhibits unique optical and antioxidant properties due to its conjugated molecular structure, making it a promising natural pigment for sustainable material applications. Advanced extraction methods improve purity and efficiency, while nanoformulations enhance its stability and bioavailability. However, limitations such as poor water solubility and photodegradation remain significant challenges. Practical implications The findings highlight the potential use of curcumin in pigment and coating technologies, particularly in eco-friendly formulations, ultraviolet–visible-protective coatings and functional materials. Its incorporation into polymeric and nanostructured systems can enhance performance and sustainability in industrial applications. Originality/value This review bridges the gap between traditional biomedical studies and material science applications by emphasizing curcumin’s role as a sustainable pigment and functional material, aligning with current trends in green chemistry and advanced coating technologies.