Awareness and acceptance of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination among pregnant women in Poland: Results of an internet-based survey

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants, particularly among vulnerable groups such as preterm newborns and infants with underlying medical conditions. The approval of the RSVpreF vaccine for use during pregnancy offers a new strategy for reducing RSV-related morbidity in newborns. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess RSV vaccination coverage among pregnant women in Poland, identify factors influencing vaccine hesitancy, and evaluate knowledge regarding the benefits of RSV vaccination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) survey was conducted among 668 respondents in Poland. An anonymous questionnaire consisting of 23 questions was distributed via social media platforms between July 25 and August 1, 2024. Participants were recruited through Facebook groups and Instagram and included women who had recently given birth or were currently pregnant. RESULTS: Respondents with medical backgrounds more frequently provided correct answers to questions regarding RSV than those without medical training. For example, when asked about methods of treating RSV infection, 109 medical professionals (74.15%) answered correctly, compared with 251 non-medical respondents (48.18%; p < 0.001). Individuals with medical backgrounds and those who received information about vaccination from their physician were more likely to receive the RSV vaccine during pregnancy. In addition, women vaccinated against other diseases, such as influenza and pertussis, were more likely to choose RSV vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination against RSV during pregnancy is an important strategy for protecting newborns against severe RSV infection and should be promoted as a public health measure. Our findings highlight the need for targeted educational initiatives and public health campaigns to increase awareness and improve vaccination coverage among pregnant women.